Personal Fictional Writing Essay

Imagine you are Ralph on the island; write a series of at least three diary entries, which record important episodes during your stay there. Include in the entries your changing thoughts and feelings about what occurs and about yourself and the other boys with you. Diary Entry 1: Chapter 5: Beast from water I just do not understand. It is not meant to be like this. I mean, everything requires improvisation. I call a meeting and all of them, Jack’s group of boys, think that they are there to make jokes. There is no time for fun, but business. I tell them about the huts and how they are unstable, but they remain pessimistic as if they have something better to do. What can that something be? Hunting. Well, Jack seems to think so. He said that he would hunt down the beast. Really, we do not even know if the beastie truly exists. Jack is so aggressive, marching on an army of anarchy among the boys to hunt down an imaginary beast. Mass hysteria erupted when one of the diffident littluns, Percival was his name, said that the beast came from the sea, like a giant squid. I really do not know what has gone into their poor, innocent souls, torturing them like that. The fear of the boys is mounting, day after day. Well, perhaps there could be a beastie. I know that even I am not immune to fear. Nevertheless, Piggy says there is no beast, so there isn’t. Piggy knows. I mean, he is intelligent unlike me. He can think and make decisions without being unsuccessful with his natural, intellectual ability. He would be so much better at being chief than I am. It is just inequitable that Jack bullies him. But what can I do? Do I really want Jack on my back too? It’s enough I cannot stand having him within a one-metre radius of me. Moreover, Jack’s focus on hunting will prevent all of us on this island from leaving it and seal our fate as no more than animals. I just cannot help realising this. However, Jack and his hunters do not. It is simple to them: fear ferments and spreads in the group, so they result to violence and hunting as a solution to the obstacle. They do not care about where they use the lavatory, about keeping the fire going, or most importantly, getting rescued. Even the rules they do not care about. I am very frustrated. I just cannot stand this any more. Without my rules, there will be disastrous consequences to everything Jack and his hunters do. My rules keep the boys tethered to some semblance of society, but they seem oblivious to it and are willing to drop the rules like a hot pan. Life on this island just seems to get harder by every passing day. With Simon wandering off at night, no wonder the littluns are frightened. However, I should not let that bother me. On this island, there are by far more important things to do, like being rescued. How much boys on this island do believe in ghosts? What are the children on this island? Humans, animals, or savages? Piggy was head-on right by yelling at them. Surely, there are not any ghosts or beastie’s on this island, because Piggy told me so. He tells me everything, and everything he says is true. It has to be true. I feel as if I should step down as chief, for once and for all, but Piggy’s already warned me that if I do, Jack will become leader and the only thing he will lead us to do is hunt. But being rescued is better than hunting and I, for that matter, want to be rescued and back to my old life: with my mother and father. It is dreadful here. I try to shut my eyes of the surroundings that envelope me, and force the image of my life before this tragedy. Nothing. There is nothing to see. This life is like a virus, invading and sweeping the happy memories of my life before until there is nothing. I thought life here would be different, better somehow, but it seems that I got the contrary. Now, everything on this island makes me feel depressed. Even my own physical appearance, especially my hair; it has grown shabby and uncomfortably long. I have all grown shabby with neglect. With all the oppressive responsibility weighing down on my shoulders, I wish that the ground now would open up and swallow me down into its depth, to close me off the problems on this island, which I face. Diary Entry 2: Chapter 7: Shadows and Tall Trees This is it. A change from this place will do us all a whole lot of good. I have become so dirty and unclean over the past few months, that the conditions that I take myself for now is normal. The rest of the boys seem to take these conditions as normal too. The longing that I have for a deep, hot bath to purify my body and wrap me up in its enclosing warmth is unbearable. Every thing seemed to have been going well, but every step I take on this island to please Jack, just defines the how hard it will be, when you try to break the boys away from Jack’s spell-binding habit: Hunting. Not that I am complaining. I followed the hunters today and the view that is to be seen on the opposite side of the island is utterly different to the view that is observed from the side of which we have settled in. However, although there are spectacular sceneries that can be viewed from this island, there is no place like home. The ocean is like a thick wall, an impermeable barrier, preventing my and the other boys escape. Simon seems to think that we will leave the island eventually. But I doubt that will ever happen. Simon is so batty. Now, with Jack thinking himself chief, everything is impossible. But I have to say, I did enjoy myself at the hunt. It was breathtaking. Originally, we were meant to be hunting down the beast, but Jack suggested that we could also hunt a pig in addition to continuing our search for the beast. It was smashing! I was excited so much that I was caught up in the adventure; I threw my spear at the boar, and hit it. But I suppose it was not much of a hit; it only nicked his snout. That was the first time I took aim and I cannot believe my luck. It has to be good marksmanship. I felt so exhilarated during the hunt, as the primal appeal of killing pigs dawned upon me. At least I have something to be proud of, other than some cut by a boar’s tusks. Jack thought that it was necessary to point the wound on his left arm out to the crowd of boys. I cannot understand Jack. He has such an eccentric personality; predictable though, he would not actually change much from his self-centred self. I hit the boar but he still pays the same attention as if I were thin air. The boys are impervious too, when they are around Jack that is. It is like he has the glamour that allows the other boys to be absorbed in him. No matter how much attention you persist or demand to acquire, the power that is bound inside Jack will not give in. I tried to show the boys that I was a good aimer, even though it was my first time hunting, but it was useless, like I said. Jack and the boys were truculent when they closed on towards Robert. They started chanting, â€Å"Kill the Pig† and I guess they were caught up in their momentum of chanting, that they actually started jabbing Robert with their spears, at first in jest, then with a more dangerous intent. He was yelping so much that I though my ears would give out. Instantly, all the excitement that I had in me from the hunt vanished. I was so glad that Robert escaped their grasp. I did join them with this too. I didn’t know what was happening to me. The urge to kill was too overpowering. For all I know, we would have killed him. Jack was so self-absorbed, taking himself seriously, that he said that they could use a littlun next time to dress up as a pig, so that they can actually kill it. That was such a sick idea. They are taking a life away. The matter of life is not a game. However, the boys enamoured by Jack’s statement began to laugh. This was not funny. They had to be reminded that this is only a game. I am starting to get concerned about the increasingly violent and impulsive behaviour of the hunters. Killing the littluns is trivial compared to what these hunters are capable of. We started climbing the mountain, as evening fell, and I realized that we would not be able to get back to the beach until morning. I did not want to leave Piggy with the littluns all night. I thought it was too much responsibility for one to handle, but I suppose Piggy would not mind; he will work things out easily. But Jack did not address this concern for Piggy kindly; he mocked me about it. What good chief would he make if he does not treat the boys with respect? But luckily Simon offered to go and inform Piggy of our whereabouts. Jack was still on his frenzy of hunting a pig, in the dark. Surely he could see that it was not a suitable time to hunt, but he is so impulsive that even he will not be blinded by the darkness that encloses the island. I thought that if we hunt in the morning it would be more apposite. He does not even think twice when I speak to him. I am chief, he should listen to me as any other boy on the island does. Giving the new understanding that Piggy provided me with, and sensing the hostility from Jack, I knew that he loathed me. I asked him why but he had no answer. What would he answer if he had one anyway? I never showed him any hatred but if he wants me to play his game, I will play. He was so pressing to climb up the mountain, even though most of the hunters were ‘tired’ and, of course, afraid. It was unveiled in their eyes. At that moment I thought of going back myself too, but what Jack said obliged me to remain. He said that I was afraid. I am not afraid more than he is and he knows that, but he just doesn’t want to admit it. I was surprised that my voice actually balanced itself proportionally, so that none of my reluctance or weakness showed. I was almost motivated by it. Just moments before this, Jack was accusing me of being afraid and now he was. He claimed that he saw something bulge on the mountain. Of course, due to my newfound bravery, I agreed to search for it immediately. But while I had a mask of bravery composed on my outside, inside I was not sure of what to do. Not sure about whether I should take a step forward or backward. What to do if the beast attacks me. It was so frustrating that it felt like the anxiety was scratching my brain away bit by bit. It seemed at the top of the mountain that I was paralysed. But I realised, eventually, what I was doing this for. To show Jack that I am not scared like he claims. So I fused my hatred for him, with my will and took two steps forward. That is when I saw it. My legs gave out under me, like an involuntary reflex reaction, but a button inside triggered me to get upon my feet as quick as I can and escape. It seemed like hours had passed in those few seconds for me to get over the shock of what I had just observed. It was like a huge rock thing and it bowed, and when the wind blew, it lifted its head to reveal a ruined face. It was unapproachable. Terrifying. I realised that the horror witnessed by the littluns in words, is inconsequential, in comparison to when you view the beast yourself. I am glad it is over for now, but I have a deep feeling that this thing, beastie, will not take long to return its visit. We must get prepared. Diary Entry 3: Chapter 8: Gift for the Darkness No one believes me. Even piggy. He was sceptical of the whole idea of me witnessing a beast on the top of the mountain. What angered me more is Jack’s assurance to the group of boys that the hunters can defeat the beast. But are his hunters any good when faced with a beast that even the bravery of me, Roger and Jack could not defeat? His hunters are merely boys with sticks. I was right to point this out to him; he cannot be so ignorant of the beastie. Piggy said that I should not have called his boys that, but honestly, what choice did I have! And he never left it there either. Oh no. He called me a coward and accused me of calling the rest of his hunters cowards too. What right does he have to call me that? He even said that I am not a proper chief. As if he would be better than me as chief. All he cares about is hunting, hunting, hunting, and nothing else. If this is how he wants to live his life, then I doubt he will ever have a life, since he will be spending the rest of it on this doomed island. Adding more to this, the punch from the whole of this meeting came when he put my position of being chief in a vote, between him, and me to the boys. It is so hurtful when I think about it; I cannot believe that he holds such a grudge against me, that much to challenge my position of being chief. I have not did anything wrong to him. But, I guess I should not be so surprised. It’s so Jack. Whenever he comes across something that he cannot stand, he feels compelled to sweep it out of his way. In this case, it is me. Oddly, I do feel sad and uneasy due to him leaving. I, certainly, was not expecting him to leave so quickly. Especially crying. The thought of him crying has never crossed my mind at all, even though I have been living with him for several months. It is not like him. He was always that kind of person like a rock, with his weaker feelings and emotions imperceptible, no one would have thought that he would be exposed so easily like that. Relieved that he left, Piggy and Simon seemed untouched, as if a burden has been lifted away from their shoulders. I guess they are calm now, since all Jack would do is pick on them, as they are the weaker vessels of the boys. Piggy tried to make me realise that there are potential benefits from Jack leaving, but I have this strong feeling inside me, telling me that something ominous is about to happen, resulting from this predicament. I just cannot put my finger on what is going to happen. He said that now we can start focusing on the fire more. Now that the fire has been built on the beach it may be difficult to see from far away, but at least somebody will keep it going. At least there is a trace of hope of being rescued. However, I really doubt that most of us will actually be rescued, as just after the building of the fire was done on the beach, I noticed several of the biguns missing. I did not know what to do. I felt as though Jack had taken part of me as an equipment to equip himself for evil and savagery on this island. The more I come to think about it, the clearer it becomes to me that Jack is the disruptive element and the root of destruction on this island. My authority is slipping away faster than I could imagine. Just a few months ago, I had it all, but now there is nothing left. I cannot understand the appeal of hunting if you do not attempt to be rescued at the same time. There is a battlefield of emotions warring in me. I tried to show the boys’ that I am a good chief, that I will get them rescued, but they were all oblivious to me and so left for Jack. It hurt so much that even speaking was like climbing a cliff for me. I suppose now everything is too late; everything is set in motion, I cannot do anything to change it. Maybe it would be better. We could be happier. Piggy says so. Piggy is so confident that everything will turn out to be okay, it almost scares me. We still have Samneric to help us keep the fire going, some littluns and I suppose Simon. Although Piggy and I never knew where he was, we thought that he might be climbing up the mountain. He would still stay unfazed by anything. He has cracked. With Simon, he is that kind of person that his feelings are buried deep inside him and you would have to dig a lot before reaching them. I am surprised that I never thought of Simon, in a way like this, before. You just have to listen to him to get to know him, but of course, Jack never listens to anybody or anything, so what would he know? At this point, I really don’t care who I have got in my group as long as they are with me; I need all the support I can get. I was startled by the sudden uproar in the forest. Jack, wearing just dazzle paint and a belt, was even more startling. He told us that he and his group were living across the beach, by a flat rock, where they have fun. It was kind of him to invite us to join his tribe, but I know that if I were to join his tribe, there would be no going back and certainly no hope of rescue. I thought he was about to take the conch at first, when I saw him. I mean the conch to me is still a symbol of ritual and order, and without order on this island, there would be nothing. I still do not know why that thought passed through my head at that moment. But I saw that some of his hunters did take some branches of fire. Perhaps they took it to keep warm, or even cook their latest hunting victim on. But even by how much I would like to go to eat the meat and have fun, keeping the fire going was and is still the most important task at hand. It is going to be hard to keep the fire going, and the amount of wood that we need is even harder to get. I suppose Samneric could take two shifts. But Bill appeared sceptical to the whole idea that we will be capable of keeping the fire going. He suggested that we go to Jack and his hunters feast and tell them that the fire is hard among us. Moreover, the fact that there was meat there, hot and satisfying, was enough to make us sprint to cross our enemy’s border. Even Piggy could not resist. He was ravenous. I saw it in his eyes. Every face that my gaze landed upon was burning with the overwhelming hunger for meat. No one would ever let a chance like this pass by and we weren’t going to either. The thought of food and meat was too appealing, so we gave in to our desire.

High School Diferences Essay

There are four different grades in high school; freshman, sophomore, junior, and senior. From when you are a freshman you always want to meet new friends, and get good grades. No matter what your grade is, you are still a student. So in a way, all the students are the same, but they do have tons of differences. Freshmen, first of all are still learning where L-Hall is, but they are trying to make new friends too. Freshmen are not bad people, they don’t hurt anyone, and that’s one of the good sides. The main problem about them is that they are stuck too much in middle school. Their body is in high school, but their brain was left over at Mountain View. To be honest, some freshman are great, they are nice, and respectful. The other three-fourths are immature and laugh at any â€Å"Your mom† joke still. Seniors are the â€Å"All Powerful†. Everyone (besides teachers) look up to them. Freshman try and talk to them, and juniors try to act like them. I believe that seniors are the role models of the school, and are treated much better than other underclassmen. Seniors are usually skipping class, and procrastinating. The other seniors are trying to keep their grades up while frantically looking for Financial Aid and planning on what they will do next. Seniors are much better than freshmen, and everyone knows it. Seniors are the laid-back, I-don’t-want-to-be-at-school kind of people. They usually show up late to class while the freshmen get there ten minutes early. Seniors are usually driving over to Taco Bell for lunch, while freshmen stare at the nasty school food waiting for it to move. Yes, they do have all these differences, but seniors were once freshmen. In conclusion, seniors are much more mature, but lazy people. While the freshmen are trying to fit in, and find L-Hall, They all have their differences, but they are all students. They are all just kids, going to school day to day, thinking about their future.

OperationManagement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

OperationManagement - Research Paper Example The ideologies of conducting business that were born during this era are still applicable in businesses today. In the scientific management, the use of scientific methods to improve businesses was embraced. This can be observed in organization today by the employment of scientific tools to know the client and improve the operation of an organization. The human relations movement revolutionized the management of labor in most organization. These concepts are used in labor management I most industries to date. The management science in the mid-1900s played a big role in how managers to their work. Some of the standards of management and problem solving that were studied in this era are still applied by managers to date. The computer age is one of the most important development is operations management; this introduced the use of computer systems in the running and management of an organization’s activities. This led to improved services and better management. Environmental issues take into consideration the external environment of a business. This is very vital for proper management. In any business, the customers always demand the best quality products or services at the fastest speed and with competitive prices (Reid and Sanders, 2009). For an organization to be able to deliver this their management of resources has to be good. Operations management ensures this is done. Multinational organizations have systems that are more complex. This is due to their size and number of operations. Organizations that effectively use operations management have operations that are more efficient. Operations management also ensures better and increased cross-functional decision-making. Operations management is essential in any organization to be enabling it to keep up with current trends. Operations management also works very closely with other business

World War I Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

World War I - Essay Example The first one was between Germany and Austria-Hungary, known as the Dual Alliance. It was followed by the Austro-Serbian Alliance of 1881. Similarly, there was the triple alliance of 1882, the triple entente and Anglo-Russian Entente of 1907, and Entente Cordiale between France and Britain (Tucker 4). Thus, it was impossible for any of these nations to stay away from war if any of their allies declared war. The next important reason was imperialism. The term imperialism means one country taking over another land or territory and imposing its own rule in the new land. The beginning of twentieth century saw the spread of British Empire into all continents. Similarly, France had considerable control over much of Africa. As industrialization set in, countries started aggressively looking for more markets to sell their products. As Germany entered the competition, there was increased rivalry and enmity. In addition, increased militarism also had its role. The term militarism means the inc reased importance given to military by governments. In fact, as a result of the European divide, nations were aggressively engaged in arms race. To illustrate, both France and Germany considerably increased their military size and rivalry rose over sea turf. In order to retain their dominance at sea, Britain introduced their battleship called ‘Dreadnought’. Germans followed suit by introducing their own battleships. In addition, Germany even prepared a plan to attack France through Belgium in case Russia attacked them. Thus, militarism played its role in starting World War I. Another important reason was the rising nationalism. Some examples of this rising feeling were the re-unification of Italy and Germany. While France was angry at the loss of territory to Germany, many areas of Serbia and Austria-Hungary were disturbed by different nationalist groups. In fact, the US was engaged in trade with most of the nations involved in the world war. However, there was higher t rade with Britain and France. Thus, at that time, the US had huge economic investment with both these nations. If they lost the war, they would not be able to pay back the debt, which meant a collapse of the US economy. Secondly, both the nations were purchasing arms from US on credit. So, it was necessary for the US to see that the nations were able to pay for it. Moreover, President wanted to make the world open to democracy. Thus, there arose the general idea that France and Britain were fighting against a threat to democracy. However, one of the most important reasons is the German use of submarine warfare and the sinking of the ship Lusitania killing more than hundred Americans. Furthermore, a telegram from the German foreign secretary to the German Ambassador to Mexico was intercepted, translated and sent to America by the British. The telegraph was meant to create an alliance between Germany and Mexico. Under Title 1, section 3 of the Espionage Act, one who makes false report s or false statements could be given even twenty years imprisonment if it was found that the same was done to interfere with the operation of the military. Secondly, under title 12, postmaster general got the legal power to declare a material as un-mailable if it urged treason, or forcible resistance of the law. That means freedom of speech was seriously hampered by this. Another very serious issue was the power given to the president to censor publication of material if found harmful for the nation or useful to the enemy. It all meant that right to speech was impaired by the act. The Seditions Act added a large number of more actions in the prohibited list. It was claimed that ‘

Case analysis Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Analysis - Case Study Example It provides financial benefits and rewards and fulfills the interest of its employees. It provides a unique training program and leads up to the expectation of the employees which is the most common and popular method of recruiting, retaining and empowering of the staff. The company has focused on exploration of new gas and oil reserves and also in the development of the main and important projects with the application of technology for adding value to the resource holders. The policy and procedures has been formulated for controlling the fluctuation in the price of natural gas and oil, minimizing the physical and environmental risk and for promoting legal, regulatory and financial developments. It has been striving hard to maintain its position of being considered as the largest integrated chemical and energy company and it is adopting the transformation program and development in technology for safeguarding the environment. Shell is involved in recruiting, training and rewarding its employees or the staff for developing the business capabilities which ensures that the business of the company has increased and developed the performance and the engagement level. The corporate culture that is adopted by the company has undergone remarkable changes in framing the culture of the organization. It has focused on the creation, research and development and utilization of the knowledge for building and developing corporate culture. The company mainly attempt to maintain leadership for innovation in case of the energy industry. The potentiality of the leader among the young workers is developed for maximizing the organizational culture. The strategy of corporate citizenship is mainly developed for understanding the positive and tangible influence in the United Kingdom and influencing the prosperity and economic growth of the company. And enhancing the efficiency and

The history of tea report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The history of tea report - Research Paper Example It was here that a few dried leaves of a nearby bush fell into the water and the liquid turned to become a brown liquid. The Emperor was very interested in this and tried drinking the water, and found this to be very refreshing. This was how tea was founded (Tea Auction). The drink has grown to become a major drink across the world. Today schools are also taught about the Boston Tea Party. The century also brought about the introduction of two types of tea, i.e. Iced tea and tea bags. It is also essential to note that tea can be sub divided into three main types, these include, black, green and Oolong. Shen Nong was known for his skilled leadership, and also the creativity. He had a strong foresight and he focused on health even as early as five thousand years ago in order to ensure hygiene. When he was faced with the tea leaves in the boiling water and the brown liquid which was a result of the leaves boiling in the water, the Emperor drank some of the drink and found it to be very refreshing. This was the introduction of tea. As time passed, tea started becoming famous across different locations across the world. China was one of the first few which adopted the drink and was also one of the first countries to have published a book on tea. The author of the book, Lu Yu, late went on to seclusion where he met the Zen Buddhist, to whom he introduced the drink. This was the start of spreading the word of tea. The Buddhist went on t introduce Japan to this drink. As time passed tea became an essential drink and was a ceremony was also built on this drink. Tea grew to become the best gift and also went on to be the beverage had by the warlords before a war (Essortment). The table below provides a clear timeline for the growth of tea. The table provides a brief overview of a few of the events that relate to finding of tea and these help in gaining a better overview of how tea has grown to become the current position that it is at present. This period brought

The characteristics of small business owners&8223, and the nature of Essay

The characteristics of small business owners‟, and the nature of small business in general - Essay Example Small businesses are usually sole proprietorship companies that are run by individuals or families. The success of small businesses largely depends on their owners and the resources available to them (English, 2006). There are many desirable characteristics of small business owners, namely (a) opportunity seekers, (b) risk-takers, (c) persistent, (d) committed to work, (e) goal setters, (f) information seekers, (g) knows how to demand for quality and efficiency, (h) good in planning and monitoring, (i) persuasive and knows how to communicate ideas, and (j) confident ((English, 2006; English and Moate, 2009; Deakins, and Freel, 2009). To get a clearer picture of how small businesses work and what important characteristics small business owners should have, let us discuss these things one by one. II. Characteristics of Small Businesses in General One of the main advantages of small businesses is flexibility and the ability to move quickly (Deakins, and Freel, 2009). Note that in small businesses, the owners are usually at the helm of the operations and can decide immediately on issues concerning the business. Also, in small businesses, there are very few management levels which make decision-making processes less complicated (Deakins, and Freel, 2009). Since small businesses are flexible, it can easily jump into certain opportunities. ... This kind of open and fluid communication is usually absent in bigger companies so it takes longer time for bigger companies to decide on certain production issues and meet the demands of the market. Small businesses have many disadvantages but they also have disadvantages. One of the biggest disadvantages of small businesses is limited capital. Most small businesses are financed directly from the pocket of their owners so they do not usually have that much start-up capital (Gerber, 2001). Generating capital through bank loans may also prove to be quite a challenge for small businesses since they establishments do not have enough assets to serve as guarantee for loans (Gerber, 2001). In most cases, small business owners have to mortgage their personal properties to finance their businesses. Since small businesses have limited capital, these establishments may find it difficult to development their products properly and reach their target market efficiently (Gerber, 2001). Operating o n shoe-string budget often takes its toll on small businesses and many of these establishments go bankrupt during the first six months of operation. III. Characteristics of Small Business Owners Running a small business is challenging and it takes a special breed of entrepreneurs to set-up and run this kind of establishment. According to Zahra et al. (2009), running a small business is like running a guerilla army with limited resources in a flexible environment that allows the entrepreneur to innovate and be creative. As earlier mentioned in this essay, there are many desirable characteristics of small business owners. In order to survive in a very competitive market, small business owners must know how to spot opportunities and act

Critically discuss the use of gas exchange (Vt1, VT2) and blood Essay

Critically discuss the use of gas exchange (Vt1, VT2) and blood lactate threshold (LT, LTP) in the evaluation or pedicted perfor - Essay Example For a long time it was believed that peak oxygen uptake or power (VO2 max) is the best indicator of the shape and physical condition. The level of peak oxygen uptake is a measure of the ability of the organism to transport and use oxygen. It is calculated in absolute levels liters per minute (l/min) or a relative measurement of usage of oxygen per kilogram per minute (ml/kg/min) (Bassett and Howley 2000). Nevertheless some new studies have suggested that the so called anaerobic threshold is much more reliable method for evaluating the physical endurance and fitness (McArdle, Katch and Katch 1996). In order to understand this we must first talk about the metabolism that is involved during physical exercise. The main systems of energy production during exercise are ATP system, anaerobic system or glycolisis and aerobic system or mitochondrial respiration. However we must understand that they are not separate but are simply all part of one chain of events that eventually leads to produc tion of ATP, which is the main source of energy in human organism. During the low level exercises which doesn’t require much energy muscle fibers almost exclusively use aerobic mitochondrial production of energy. This is much slower source of energy compared to anaerobic glycolisis but much more effective because from one molecule of glucose produces 29 to 30 molecules of ATP, instead glycolisis produces only 2 molecules of ATP from 1 molecule of glucose. It is estimated that mitochondrial respiration is 19 times more efficient than glycolisis. This is why during low level exercise our body tends to use mitochondrial respiration as a source of energy. However in the metabolism of glycosis - the main energy source used by muscles is conducted through both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. In the anaerobic metabolism glycosis is converted to pyruvate. This molecule is then further metabolized to oxalate and eventually to CO2 and water in the mitochondrial aerobic metabolism. In a case of sub-maximal endurance physical involvement muscles almost exclusively use mitochondrial aerobic metabolism and pyruvate is almost completely metabolized. This is why at rest and low level exercises blood levels of lactate are normal. But in a case of extensive exercise there is a demand for more energy and therefore more glucose is metabolized to pyruvate. There is a point where the mitochondria are no longer able to metabolize all the pyruvate that is produced and some of it is converted to lactate which enters the blood and muscles. This lactate is than utilized by the liver (and converted to glucose) or heart or kidneys. The point at which at physical exercise the blood concentrations of lactate start to rise is called lactate threshold point (Bassett and Howley 2000). Actually some authors differentiate two distinct lactate thresholds or aerobic and anaerobic lactate threshold. The first, aerobic threshold is the point in the intensity of the physical exercise when th e blood lactate levels start to rise. The second, or anaerobic lactate threshold is the point when the concentration of lactate reaches the maximal steady state of concentration (MSSL), when the concentrations of lactate in the blood and muscles reaches maximal stabile values (that can be maintained for some time without further incensement) and it is estimated that in different people ranges between 3.1 and 5.54 mmol.1-1,

Toyota - Promotion Essay Example for Free

Toyota Promotion Essay The promotional marketing aspect of Toyota is by far one of the major keys to success of the entire organization. It is so critical to Toyota that they recently spent a total of $2. 86 billion in advertising expenses, which ranks them at number six in the world for the highest advertising budget (Evans, 2011). The message is clear for Toyota. Their new organizational goal and slogan is â€Å"Moving Forward. † That is exactly their plan in the upcoming years for being right on the heels of top automakers General Motors and Ford Motor Company. To achieve this goal, the primary aspect of the organization is to get their promotional marketing out through advertising, personal selling, offering sales promotions, and being involved in publicity. Toyota spends a significant amount of money on advertising to convey their message clearly. The company plans to move forward, surpassing other automakers to claim the number one spot, by producing vehicles that are fuel efficient, reliable, affordable, and practical. One of the best examples in their product line is the Toyota Corolla. The target market for this vehicle is rather perplexed or simply genius. Rather than targeting a specific target market, this vehicle is designed for the needs of many consumers including families, college students, and professionals. But the real question here is how to target several consumers in different areas? The answer is by advertising everywhere possible. Toyota advertisements can be found just about everywhere including primetime television, popular radio stations, newspapers, magazines, internet banners, billboards, sporting events, sponsorships, and any of their cars driving down the road. Although the cost of advertising may seem like a big number, Toyota considers it a necessary commodity for achieving the number one auto manufacturer in the world. The only way to purchase a Toyota product is through a sales consultant at a certified retail outlet and is the reason why personal selling is a critical part to the overall success of the organization. This concept is a huge benefit for Toyota’s volume because a sales consultant has the ability to influence and persuade a consumer into making a uniformed and educated decision on their product. The biggest benefit for a sales consultant is the ability to offer a test drive which creates value and ownership in a consumer’s mind to the actual product they desire. In addition, this interaction builds a relationship and allows the consumer to get direct feedback quickly and professionally to any questions they may have. Since personal selling is a critical part to consumer purchasing, Toyota ensures that their sales consultants are highly motivated, trained, and professional. In fact, a requirement for employment as a Toyota sales consultant is to actively complete sales/ product knowledge training through their virtual online Toyota University. If a sales consultant fails to meet these standards, then they are welcomed to stay in sales but just not with Toyota Motor Company. Furthermore, sales consultants are also judged on a customer satisfaction index or survey which every new Toyota owner receives. The sales consultant is expected to provide superior customer service and is awarded financially for doing so. Sales promotions are the best way to capture the interest of a consumer. Not only does Toyota advertise their Corolla as a dependable, fuel efficient vehicle, but when they do they also include several incentives or sales promotions to interest the consumer in the product. The main goal of these advertisements is to get consumers into the retail outlets to meet with a sales consultant. According to Toyota. com, current incentives on a 2012 Toyota Corolla include combined rebates up to $2,000 and also 0% financing for up to 60 months. The idea is for the consumer to perceive the ability to take an additional $2,000 off the manufacturers suggested retail price and finance the vehicle for free at an affordable payment. In addition, a significant portion of consumers like to lease their vehicles and the current promotion on a brand new Corolla is only $149/ month with minimal cash due at signing. Going back to the target market and using an incentive as an example, a $500 rebate is included for any consumer who is trading a non-Toyota product. The goal of this incentive is to persuade consumers into considering Toyota and ultimately creating a bigger market share for the Toyota brand. Finally, where Toyota is spending a significant amount of their advertising is on their complimentary maintenance plan with roadside assistance for two years called Toyota Care that is available on any model they offer. Right now Toyota is the only brand offering this benefit and the promotion adds value to any prospective consumer (Toyota. com). Toyota admires the community and takes a part in publicity. Another avenue of marketing is to get the brand name out there in a casual but attention grabbing fashion. One way Toyota does this is by sponsoring the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas. Any event that takes place at this state-of-the-art facility has Toyota’s name tattooed all over it. The name Toyota not only appears on the side of the building, but also on ticket stubs, apparel, and broadcastings. This marketing approach gets out to huge live audiences who come to see big acts like Lady Gaga, Madonna, and the 2013 NBA all-star game. Another recent approach Toyota has taken is an event called the Tundra Endeavor Challenge. On October 13, 2012, the Toyota Motor Company will try to stun the world when their Toyota Tundra stock model attempts to tow the space shuttle Endeavor to its new location at the California Science Center in Los Angeles, CA. The shuttle and apparatus will weigh almost 300,000 pounds! The event is supposed to attract thousands of people and if done successfully, the Toyota Motor Company will have a very intuitive marketing accomplishment (Toyota. com) It is obvious that Toyota sees the promotional marketing aspect of the organization as a major key for success. In conclusion, the ultimate goal in moving forward is to get the Toyota brand name out there in a unique fashion. The goal is to provide the best products for the best value and with the best customer service. The foundation of the promotional marketing for Toyota relies on advertising, personal selling, sales promotions, and publicity.

Life Before the Internet and After the Internet Essay Example for Free

Life Before the Internet and After the Internet Essay Life was very different before the advent of the Internet. Communication methods were limited, stores were the only place to buy goods and services, and physical libraries were the only place to find information and research. The three biggest changes caused by the Internet are in communication, sales, and access to information. The Internet has changed the way people communicate. It allows for instant and reliable communication between people across the street or across the globe. In the past, the only ways to send documents were via fax and postal mail. Faxes were limited because messages could only include two-dimensional text and graphics. The postal mail faced these same issues, as well as the problem with the time it took to send a document through the mail. With the Internet, documents with text, graphics, audio files, video files, and interactive objects can now be transmitted quickly to anyone with a simple click of a button. This has changed the way business is done and has made it easier for companies to expand into new markets. On a smaller level, the Internet has allowed people to reconnect with old friends or make new ones. Chat rooms and social networks such as MySpace. com are becoming increasingly popular as people enjoy the sense of anonymity. The second way that the Internet has changed the world is in the buying and selling of goods and services. With the ability to purchase products online, the business world has changed drastically. Online stores are competing for business, while established brick-and-mortar stores have set up web-based stores as well. Customers can now purchase nearly everything they need from the comfort of their own homes. The Internet has also allowed for quick and easy comparisons of the prices and quality of products and services. The final and most important impact of the Internet is in the access of information. In the past, if you needed to find information on the history of Latin America, you had to go to your local library. Then, you were limited by which books and resources the library carried. With limited budgets, libraries cannot be expected to carry the best sources for every topic. Today, you can access information on any topic from the Internet through academic journals, online encyclopedias, book reviews, and more. In addition, you can find information on every television and radio program, historical events, current events, health issues, scientific discoveries, sporting events, and theories on everything from biomedicine to parenting. Finally, being able to access information online has led to colleges and universities offering degrees where it is not necessary for students to ever step into a classroom. Lectures, PowerPoint slides, notes, and required readings are available on the Internet. In conclusion, the Internet has significantly changed the world in the way people communicate, do business, and learn. The rapidity with which these changes took place suggests that more drastic and exciting changes are still to come. New and innovative uses for technology are developed every day, and the Internet is a major focus of these developments.

The United Arab Emirates

The United Arab Emirates Contents Introduction Brief history Rank on human development index Type of government and economic system Economy Health care Statistics Education Family life Social issues Equality Conclusion Works Cited UNITED ARAB EMARITES Introduction This paper deals with the overview of economic, social, governmental and political arrangements in United Arab Emirates. UAE is a steady, exceedingly developed authoritarian system by means of a contemporary financial system. Tourist facilities are extensively on hand. UAE a country that shows us even all the way through hard times, even a great combat, could stand up from the ashes and be one of supreme countries in the human race. (Walsh, 2008) Brief history The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a federation of total of seven emirates came into being on 2 December 1971, in the company of the seventh member, Ras al-Khaimah, coming in early 1972. Ever since that time, on the other hand, the UAE has developed as a federal unit, by means of the result that the so-called try out of unification in the present day symbolizes the lone flourishing effort at federation inside the Arab world. (Romano, 2004) Rank on human development index Backed by the progressive financial program built around monetary liberalization, diversification and development in the position of the private division, the UAE has moved up 23 positions in the United Nation Human Development Index ever since 1980, at present standing in 32nd position in the class of extremely high human development Type of government and economic system The UAE’s governmental system persists to be defined by the conventional patriarchal method of leadership shared with political devotions prearranged around the country’s a variety of ethnic elements. Authoritarian type of government is present here. On the national level, the Supreme Council, counts in the monarchs of each of the seven emirates, is the top executive and governmental authority, â€Å"exercising supreme control upon the affairs of the Union in general† Economy The most recent value for GNI per capita, Atlas method (current US$) in UAE was 40,760 as of 2012. Since 10 years, the rate for this indicator has varied between 45,630 in 2008 and 33,070 in 2002. The per capita GNP for the UAE is recorded as 112 billion dollars. (Zaman, 2011) Health care Health is a significant subdivision of any country and it is the responsibility of the government to make available the superlative health care facilities to the populace of the state. It is the accountability of the government to present the population by means of the best possible health check facilities. The major aim of any administration is to make sure the interests and well being of the natives. It is one of the most important rights of any human being that he is supposed to encompass the entrance to the fundamental medicinal facilities. When citizens talk on the subject matter of healthiness, they do not converse about a healthy body on the other hand health means robustness of brains which can never be accomplished if the body is not healthy enough in order to perform the responsibilities and the additional everyday tasks. Health is not a personal matter, but instead healthy human being means a healthy measurement of any population. No state can continue to exist devoid of i ts people fit in every sense that counts in the physical and mental well being of nation. It’s the citizens who construct or damage the states. For a fit and progressive country, a strong and fit nation is as obligatory similar to that of the oxygen is for the existence. Following stats show the health care system and expenditures in UA E Statistics Education The UAE offers wide-ranging education to each and every one (male and female students), from play school to university, with schooling for the country’s citizens given that at no cost at all classes. The UAE steadily enlarged its budgetary allotment for both basic and higher teaching levels. AED 9.7 billion or 23% of the entire federal funds was given to the Ministry of Education in 2012 Family life If inhabitants of UAE are to choose between family or work they probably chose family. This shows the clear inclination of the Emiratis people towards family. For them spending quality time with the family is more of a blessing and it is the basic priority in their way of living. Studies show that flexible connection between the family and the work cam lead one to the path of prosperity and success. Those who do not care about the responsibilities of their family unit they suffer ion their private lives and personal relations. A strong family bonding is seen in their families. Number of children may vary from 4 10 6 and concept of re marrying is common in them. Social issues Some of the social issues may count in corruption, adoption of westernization, unequal rights of female, bonded labor and obsession of teen towards modern technology with the passage of time. However well built policies and laws are formulated and implemented to avoid the further consequences of these issues. (Hurreiz, 2002) Equality As per the Article 14 of the constitution specially assures â€Å"equality for all before the law, without distinction between citizens on the basis of race, nationality, religion or social status,† still there do exist an unsaid and undefined criterion by which national or spiritual minorities are deprived of aspects of their civil rights as populace of the country. As UAE is a diverse place for a lot of indigenous people, government is trying to preserve the rights of incoming people by providing equal opportunities on all level. (Ibrahim Abed, 2001) Conclusion I would like to sum up my report with the learning that UAE being the federation of all seven emirates, is flourishing well in terms of economy, education and trade while the country requires to work on human rights and eradication of social problems. Works Cited Hurreiz, S. H. (2002). Folklore and Folklife in the United Arab Emirates. Psychology Press. Ibrahim Abed, P. H. (2001). United Arab Emirates: A New Perspective. Trident Press Ltd,. Romano, A. (2004). A Historical Atlas of the United Arab Emirates. The Rosen Publishing Group. Walsh, J. (2008). UAE. Kuperard. Zaman, N. U. (2011). Uae and Globalization Attracting Foreign Investments. GRIN Verlag.

Predator - Prey Relationships :: Predators Animal Kingdom Biology Essays

Predator - Prey Relationships The relationship between predators and their prey is an intricate and complicated relationship; covering a great area of scientific knowledge. This paper will examine the different relationships between predator and prey; focusing on the symbiotic relations between organisms, the wide range of defense mechanisms that are utilized by various examples of prey, and the influence between predators and prey concerning evolution and population structure. Symbiosis is the interaction between organisms forming a long term relationship with each other. Many organisms become dependent on others and they need one another or one needs the other to survive. Symbiotic interactions include forms of parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism. The first topic of discussion in symbiosis is parasitism. Parasitism is when the relationship between two animal populations becomes intimate and the individuals of one population use the other population as a source of food and can be located in or on the host animal or animal of the other population(Boughey 1973). No known organism escapes being a victim of parasitism(Brum 1989). Parasitism is similar to preditation in the sense that the parasite derives nourishment from the host on which it feeds and the predator derives nourishment from the prey on which it feeds(Nitecki 1983). Parasitism is different from most normal predator prey situations because many different parasites can feed off of just one host but very few predators can feed on the same prey(1973). In parasite-host relationships most commonly the parasite is smaller than the host. This would explain why many parasites can feed off of one single host. Another difference in parasite-host relationships is that normally the parasite or group of parasites do not kill the host from feeding, whereas a predator will kill it’ s prey(1983). Efficient parasites will not kill their host at least until their own life cycle has been completed(1973). The ideal situation for a parasite is one in which the host animal can live for a long enough time for the parasite to reproduce several times(Arms 1987). Parasites fall under two different categories according to where on the host they live. Endoparasites are usually the smaller parasites and tend to live inside of the host(1973). These internal parasites have certain physiological and anatomical adaptations to make their life easier(1987). An example of this is the roundworm, which has protective coating around it’s body to ensure that it will not be digested. Many internal parasites must have more than one host in order to carry out reproduction(1989). A parasite may lay eggs inside the host it is living in, and the eggs are excreted with the host’s feces.

The Death Penalty and Race Essay -- Capital Punishment Essays

The Death Penalty and Race To look closely at many of the mechanisms in American society is to observe the contradiction between constitutional equality and equality in practice. Several of these contradictions exist in the realm of racial equality. For example, Black s often get dealt an unfair hand in the criminal justice system. In The Real War on Crime, Steven Donziger explains, There are so many more African-Americans than whites in our prisons that the difference cannot be explained by higher crime among African- Americans - racial discrimination is also at work, and it penalizes African- Americans at almost every juncture in the criminal justice system.1 This paper focuses in on one of those "junctures" - the death penalty. The racial disparities that Donziger finds in the prisons can also be found in death row. To be exact, African-Americans are 12% of the US population, but they make up 40% of the death row population.2 I, like Donziger, believe something more is at work; and in the tradition of Ture and Hamilton, I believe that this something works in covert ways. It would almost be better if we could place the blame on blatant racial discrimination. But the death penalty does not serve the explicit purpose of oppressing Blacks. Racism persists, but it has taken on more implicit, more subtle, and arguably more harmful forms. The death penalty is a timely lens through which to observe the covert racism that operates in institutional settings. This topic can be overwhelming, and this paper is in no way comprehensive. Rather, it is an opportunity to string together some soci ological and legal concepts with personal analysis in the d esire to demonstrate that the death penalty and the institutions surrounding... ...ziger, 100. 13 Chambliss, 250. 14 Chambliss, 248. 15 Donziger, 127. 16 Donziger, 109. 17 Donziger, 110. 18 Campaign to End the Death Penalty (pamphlet). 19 Leon Higgenbotham, Shades of Freedom (Oxford University Press, 1996) xxv-xxvi. 20 Donziger, 109. 21 David C. Baldus, et al, "Comparative Review of Death Sentences: An Empirical Study of the Georgia Experience," The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 74 (1983): 663-664. 22 Baldus, 664. 23 Donziger, 109. 24 U.S. General Accounting Office, "Death Penalty Sentencing: Research Indicates Patterns of Racial Disparities," The Death Penalty in America, 271. 25 Hugo Adams Bedau, The Death Penalty in America: Current Controversies (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997) 250. 26 Donziger, 113. 27 Ellsworth, 90. 28 Ellsworth, 92. 29 Chambliss, 243. 30 Ellsworth, 92.

Ariel Case

Segment of Detergent : Ariel (Washing Powder) Selection of target Group for Ariel : Families Preference for Selection: Less competition, high customer base, resulting in high business opportunity and growth. In the following case of Ariel when the product was launched, there was a Perception amongst customers that the detergent cake would give better whiteness. HUL and Nirma were the leading brands and competitors of Ariel. When Ariel entered the market the researchers believed that Ariel will be successful because of its extensive formula.It is a low risk involvement product. But because of its competitors ariel had to advertise its product relating it to the Indian household. Consumer here behaves as a Value Maximize, not just a problem solver. Various Problems that influenced the consumer buying behavior were : 1) The family values. 2) Habit of using a particular brand. 3) Dominance of mother in law . 4) Price of the product Product Differentiation: Consumer might feel buying the product that is unnecessarily differentiated, or its distinctive features do not add much value to consumer lifestyle or status.Conspicuous: this is the risk related with social aspects. What society might perceive is the risk of consumer. Psychological: this risk is associated with consumer’s own personality. Whether the detergent will be value for money. All these risks would lead the consumer seriously involved in Ariel buying decison. And thus, he would follow â€Å"Cautious Buying behavior† for buying Ariel. The decision making process would therefore involve all the necessary steps, emphasizing on each step separately. Marketing strategies for each step are significant to ponder on. 1. NEED RECOGNITION:-Need recognition for the TG selected for Ariel would be automatic. All families who want to see there clothes to be the most cleanly washed and without much effort. Therefore, the problems that Van would solve are: †¢ The problem of white clothes getting pale . †¢ The problem of extensive scrubbing of clothes. †¢ Status in the society. Marketing Strategy at this stage: †¢ To advertise the product in a way that changes the perception of the consumer. †¢ To advertise through a demo of a pale white shirt washed in Ariel and coming out to be bright out after a wash in ariel. To Give an act of the household involving the mother in law and daughter in law relation and the difference in choice. †¢ To attach a catchy jingle to the product. †¢ To distribute free samples. †¢ Mouth Publicity 2. INFORMATION SEARCH :- If we consider the time when Ariel was launched, we find that it was different from then prevailing detergents. Internal Information for consumers consisted of two brands: HUL,Nirma So, consumer was subjected to Double Information Processing Job when Ariel was launched. Consumer wanted to receive every kind of information about the product. Marketer Strategy at this stage: To provide all distinctive fe atures of Ariel through print media advertising and emphasizing on its spacious quality that is perfect for a family to use. †¢ To let the TG know that ariel is value for money product, its advanced technology and better formula. Company should promote the brand through central route to persuasion i. e. it should give logic in its advertisement to amplify the superiority of its product over the other brands available. 3. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVES:- Since buying Detergent is a low involvement decision making process therefore the consumer would try to thoroughly evaluate the brand on various parameters like Cost †¢ Features †¢ Fragrance †¢ Quality 4. PURCHASE DECISION In executing a purchase intention, the consumer may make up to sub decisions like brand,Quality,Loyality towards the regular brand. Marketer Strategy at this stage: In the initial stages Ariel did not attract many customers. So it decided to advertise it’s product by showing a relationship be tween the old and new of working. So they made an add in which they focused on convincing the mother in law to change her perception of the product which she has been using and adopt new better technology.

Erie Polymers joint venture Essay

INTRODUCTION ERIE speciality chemicals was a company which is based in Cleveland, Ohio, which moved to china due to the key support provided by them in expanding their industrial capacity relating to chemicals. In order to expand its production in China performance polymers had merged with Wuhan plastics factory to form Wuhan Erie Polymers (WEP). Stanley Wong was the manager of the team that negotiated the joint venture and soon became general manager and then chairperson of the Joint venture. Though he was very pleased with his transfer back to Gary, he wasn’t finished yet. He wanted to nominate a successor who would take the company to another level. He was a great leader as he motivated his employees in many aspects and he had also created a unique culture between the Chinese and the western practices. Ans1) if I had to advice the organisation on who to succeed Wong then I would choose MR Henri Boulanger as he has been in the organisation for the past 16 years and he also has 24 years of work experience. Though he lacks Chinese skills he yet gets along well with his Chinese subordinates. He has also been very effective in his current position and he has also introduced certain techniques such as marketing and networking which is very important for any organisation. According to me due to his intelligence and energetic levels he would also be able to inculcate leadership and adapt certain principles in the organisation in order for it to run efficiently and smoothly. He would follow a democratic leadership style where he will consult many employees in the organisation before taking any important decision regarding the company’s future. Certain theories relating to leadership are needed in many organizations for it to perform on a high scale. 1) Trait approach to leadership-Managers can utilize the information from the theory to evaluate their position in the organization and to assess how their position will be made stronger in the organization. This theory makes the managers realize their strengths and weaknesses and they can also get an understanding of how to develop their leadership qualities 2) Behavioral approach- this approach involves structuring the roles of the subordinates by providing them with instructions, and behaving in ways which will increase the performance of the group. Certain types of tasks are given to employees in order to meet the goals of the organization 3) Contingency approach to leadership-this theory refers to the group atmosphere and to the degree of confidence, loyalty, and attraction the followers feel about their leader. If certain favourable situations occur then there has been a positive relationship between the followers and the leader which means that the task was clearly defined and there is a clear leader position power. Certain principles which would be inculcated by MR Boulanger in the organization such as 1) Division of work 2) Authority and responsibility 3) Discipline 4) Unity of command 5) Unity of direction 6) Remuneration 7) order ans2) cross cultural differences and diversity conflicts the success of the joint venture depends upon the compatibility of the partners and this compatibility involves culture as well. Culpan (2002) suggests that each partner in the joint venture brings its own culture and if these cultures are not compatible then they will make the joint venture vulnerable. depending upon the source, it was reported that 37 and 70 percent joint ventures fail because of cross cultural differences between partners. These joint ventures have been reported to suffer from communication,  cooperation, commitment, and conflict-resolution problems caused by partners value and behaviour differences, which in turn causes interaction problems that adversely affects the joint venture performance. Moreover, value and behaviour differences between culturally distant partners influence interpretations and responses to strategic and managerial issues, compounding difficulties when making transactions and sharing information in international joint ventures (Mohr and Spekman, 1994). There are two types of cultures that directly affect the joint venture, first one is the organizational culture and second one is the national culture. Lane and Beamish (1990) stated that the problem in IJV’s is due to the influence of the national culture on the behaviour and management system that leads to conflicts and differences in the workplace. The organizational culture plays a significant role in the flow of knowledge within the organization but at the same time it can also act like obstruction in the process (Almeida et al. 2002). The national culture evolves around societal norms consisting of values which are shared by major part of the population. Once, a system has been developed it is very hard to change and any variation in the institution does not affect the societal norms due to the deeper levels of values and beliefs. (Hofstede, 2001, p.11) There are 3 broad categories used by the western organizations in order to manage differences in cultures when operating internationally. The first is that the organization can build a strong organizational culture internationally so that all parts of the organization, wherever they are located, share the same organizational culture. This approach assumes that the homogeneity of cultures creates the best way of managing the organization. This approach had also been criticised because in order of reproducing the culture to its simplest form the distinctiveness of the culture can be lost. The second approach for managing differences in culture is to develop a common technical or professional culture. This approach does not try to ensure homogeneity within the work force but it rather, seeks uniformity through strong financial and planning systems. The organizational structure dictates procedures and processes, as well as specifying the sources of expertise and decision making within the organizational hierarchy. The third approach is to leave each culture alone, allowing each subsidiary to develop its own organizational culture, which is probably tied to the national culture with varying degrees of influence. Hofstede (2001) came up with five dimensions of the national culture which all societies have to cope with and they used to measure cultural differences between organizations 1) power distance- the higher the power distance the more centralized and hierarchical the structure of the organization is. All organizations should increase their power distance in order to overcome any cultural barriers 2) uncertainty avoidance- organizations with high uncertainty avoidance are usually bigger in size and the loyalty is much stronger. These organizations are usually reluctant towards new technology and are more prone towards change. (Hofstede 2001) 3) Individualism and collectivism- this dimension measures the extent of the relationships an individual has towards the organization. Organizations having high IDV show individualistic and task –oriented behaviour of employees (Hofstede 2001) 4) Masculinity and femininity- organizations with high masculinity, promotes competitiveness and personal accomplishments and the managers are treated as heroes (Hofstede 2001) 5) Long vs short term orientation- if the organizations have a low LTO then importance is given to short term results. (Hofstede 2001) On the basis of these dimensions we can easily evaluate and improve the national culture which directly influences the culture of the organizations working within that environment. Ans 3) Evaluating a successor Stanley Wong who was the general manager of this company wanted to find a successor who would lead this company very well in order to maximize its sales and increase their productivity. With reference to certain concepts we can evaluate Wong’s challenge of finding a successor 1) Performance management- performance management should be seen as a collective responsibility of employees and employers to see that there is continuous improvement in the tasks, activities and jobs that are agreed upon for achieving the organizations vision, mission goals and objectives. Mathis and Jackson (2008) suggested that certain responsibilities managers need to take into account while managing the company. 1) Setting agendas- this includes taking responsibilities and setting goals and objectives for themselves and the teams. 2) Handling relationships- managing people is about managing superiors, customers, suppliers and other external contacts 3) Management values- understands what differentiate successful and appropriate management behaviour 4) Personality qualities- developing the necessary personal and psycho-logical characteristics to be able to deal with inevitable chaos, ambiguity and stress associated with managerial jobs 5) Self- awareness- understanding ones personal style of leadership and working patterns and how this might have an impact on others. There are also methods for management development 1) Coaching- this is relevant for particular individuals experiencing motivation or self-confidence 2) Project work- this involves working in cross cultural teams on particular projects. It provides exposure to different functions, ways of thinking and doing things, as well as providing an opportunity to learn about different parts of the organization. 3) Action learning- this approach capitalises by the fact that many people learn most effectively is by doing things. It also represents a team activity by which members are set out to define and solve a problem. 4) Secondments- this provides development for an individual through a job in another organization for a defined period. It also provides a way of broadening experience and of forcing the individual to leave their comfort zone by having to experience different way of doing things 5) Development  centres- the purpose of development centres is to focus on opportunities for directly to employees might undermine their power base and again concessions might be made unwisely. Thus there are certain concepts which are related to the challenges faced by Mr Wong in finding a successor. Conclusions Thus I would like to conclude by saying that the company might face a difficult period for a short time when Wong gets transferred. The new general manager would have to go through a challenging process in order to overcome cultural barriers and diversity conflicts in the organization. By introducing certain western management practices the company will be able to challenge on many fronts and also all the other employees will get along well with the Chinese employees and the company will run efficiently and smoothly. References 1) Flat World Knowledge, (2014). Principles of Management 1.0 | Flat World Education. Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/5?e=carpenter-ch10_s02 2) Managementstudyguide.com,. (2014). Trait Theory of Leadership. Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://managementstudyguide.com/trait-theory-of-leadership.htm 3) Martin, J. (2009). Human resource management. Los Angeles: SAGE. 4) Mindtools.com, (2014). Henri Fayol’s Principles of Management: Early Management Theory. Retrieved 26 November 2014, from http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/henri-fayol.htm 5) referenceforbusiness.com, (2014). Leadership Theories and Studies – organization, system, style, manager, definition, model, type, company, workplace, business. Retrieved 25 November 2014, from http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/Int-Loc/Leadership-Theories-and-Studies.html 6) Silverthorne, C. (2005). Organizational psychology in cross-cultural perspective. New York, N.Y .: New York University Press. 7)

Public Utility of Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA)

The Congress enacted Public Utility of Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA) of 1978 to answer the energy crisis that U. S. was facing (470 U. S. 1075). Section 210 of Title II provides that the act shall promote for the development of alternative energy resources by stopping the practice of electric utilities in purchasing power from non-traditional facilities (470 U. S. 1075).In addition, the act also authorized the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission or FERC to implement the act by promulgating rules necessary to encourage cogeneration and small power production (470 U.S. 1075). The function of FERC includes also the setting of rate of electricity (470 U. S. 1075).Moreover, the act required the rates to be just and reasonable and non-discriminatory and shall not exceed the incremental cost of the electric utility of alternative electric energy (470 U. S. 1075). Pursuant to said act, FERC adopted the maximum rate which is the incremental of full- avoided cost and required all utilities to purchase from qualifying facilities (470 U. S. 1075). The state of New York has set minimum rate of six per kilowatt hour.The appellant argued that it cannot pay such amount because its avoided cost fell below that amount (470 U. S. 1075). PROCEDURE: The Appellate Division of the New York Supreme Court granted the petition because the rate of six cents per kilowatt hour exceeded the federally mandated avoided cost rate (470 U. S. 1075). The respondent here appealed to Court of Appeals and it reversed the decision of the lower court on the ground that the federal law and the statute are complementary and the statute is consistent with the purpose of the act.ISSUE: Can the state require utilities to pay more than the full avoided cost rate for their mandatory purchases? HOLDING: Yes, the state can. REASONING: There is no question as to the rate implemented by the state because the Act authorizes it. The state can freely enact regulations or laws providing rates as long as it achiev es the purpose of the Act. Furthermore, there is no substantial issue than can be debated and so the case is dismissed. DISSENTING: The Act and the state's regulations should be clearly interpreted.The decision of CA is contradictory to the case in Kansas where the court held that the state regulatory commission could not set rates for purchases from cogenerations that were higher than the avoided cost (470 U. S. 1075). Moreover, the state may have jurisdiction to set the rates under PURPA but the extent of their authority shall be settled (470 U. S. 1075). In addition, Justice White found that there are various cases similar to this and the states also have different approaches as to the setting of the rate under the PURPA (470 U.S. 1075). These cases may occur again in the future and in order to avoid it, the issue shall be resolved. Furthermore, the Justice found the issue as important and open for debate (470 U. S. 1075) Works Cited â€Å"Consolidated Edison Company of New York , Inc. v. Public Service Commission of New York, et al (470 U. S. 1075). † 2003. The New York Times. 23 May 2008 . â€Å"How To Brief A Case. † 2006. 4Lawschool. com. 23 May 2008

Business Structures

1 The Desert Enterprise Runing caput: Case survey for the desert endeavor. The Desert Enterprise Abstraction In this instance survey I discuss about the effect of alteration from partnership to incorporation and frailty versa in footings of advantages and disadvantages. The struggles arises when engaging a direction squad and its solution. Amount of net income generated by company and the benefits from company’s portion monetary value. Besides, portion monetary value maximization and attachment to societal and ethical criterions. 1- Discuss the effects of the proposed alteration from a partnership to a corporation in footings of advantages and disadvantages. There are many significances of the suggested alteration from a partnership to a corporation because both partnership and corporation has its ain advantages and disadvantages. In partnership one has to unite his fiscal resources with his spouse. Establish footings with your concern spouse and mark specific concern understanding to protect yourself in instance of any dissension or closing. In partnership both net income and loss has to be shared by both the spouses as per define in concern understanding. Business understanding is developed in the aid of attorney which ensures that:You are screening your securities.Footings of partnership are clearly established work outing the concerns like net income division, fade outing the company, etc.Encounter lawful status for restricted partnership.While corporation is another type of concern. It is done at regional or province degree. When concern is incorporated it means now it is legal entity and is disjointed from shareholders and owners. Before integrating it is better to seek legal advice as you will non be personally responsible for the arrears, duties and Acts of the Apostless of the organisation. In partnership method it is easy to get down partnership as both the spouses has to portion the cost for get downing concern. Share is divided every bit either in direction, net incomes and assets or in losingss and liabilities and debts. It besides has revenue enhancement advantage as you and your spouse has to pay revenue enhancement jointly. But there is no lawful change refering you and your concern. You have to utilize your personal assets to minimise your concern debts. There is a possibility of developing struggles between you and your spouse. You are accountable for the concern determinations prepared by your spouse as it effects you financially for illustration broken contracts. Although in corporate method duties are limited. You can reassign proprietary. Corporation will hold on-going being. It is easier to increase capital in such a concern. Taxs are besides low for an integrated concern. Despite that corporation is purely structured. More dearly-won than partnership or lone proprietary. There is a opportunity of struggle between managers and stockholders. Residency of manager can besides make job It means that if we switch from one to another so possibly we face some jobs and failing at some points and on the other manus we besides find some strength and net income in some points. For illustration in partnership there are more than one concern proprietor while in corporation there is merely one proprietor. It means that it is hard to reassign ownership so we consider it as disadvantage. While in corporation it is advantage as it is easy to reassign ownership in it. 2- Describe potency bureau conflicts that can originate when engaging a direction squad and suggest possible solutions. When chief hires some agent to execute a undertaking, it is set uping an bureau relationship. But when the incentives of the negotiant do non aline with those of the principal this consequences in bureau struggles. There are two primary bureau relationship:Directors and investorsDirectors and creditorsShareholder versus Directors:Conflict between directors and investors/ shareholders arises when directors holds less than 100 % of the company’s common stock.Sometimes director may do some determinations that brush with its best involvements of the shareholder for illustration directors may progress their organisations to get away a coup d'etat effort to increase their personal occupation safety. Though, a coup d'etat may be in the shareholders ‘ finest involvement.Stockholders versus creditors: Creditors decide to impart money to a house centered on the hazardousness of the company, its investing construction and its possible investing construction. These all issues will upset the company ‘s latent hard currency flow, which is a creditors ‘ chief concern. Though, shareholder have control on such determinations along with the directors. As shareholders will do picks founded on their ain best involvements, a possible bureau job takes topographic point between the shareholders and creditors. For illustration, directors could borrow money to buy back portions to maximise stockholder return and decreases corporation shareholder’s base. In this instance Muhammad would wish to engage a squad with cosmopolitan accomplishments indispensable to implement his concern visual image. May be he has to confront troubles sing direction squad as this is wholly new to the company and doesn’t know everything about company. Its mean that he should depict everything about company and so they besides have to make up one's mind either they want to work with you or non and this will besides consequences in wastage of clip to finish his undertaking. Harmonizing to my point of position it is better to develop your hired squad and topographic point strategy and functions for all and sundry should involvement to meet the company objectives. 3- Determine the sum of hard currency the company would bring forth from. Does it count to the company whether the portion monetary value rises subsequent to the IPO? Who benefits from an addition in the company ‘s portion monetary value? The sum of hard currency the company is traveling to bring forth is 5 million issuing portions at BD4. 5 ten 4=20M. Its affairs to the company whether if the portion monetary value is increased following to the IPO ( initial public offering ) . Raising money requires high portion monetary value for any company. As that will let them to publish less portions for sum they want. And if portion monetary value beads so they had to publish more portion on the same sum therefore when portion monetary value additions net income additions and when portion monetary value lessenings net income lessenings and therefore loss takes topographic point. Basically in IPO ( initial public offering ) or APO ( extra public offering ) status investors propose a auxiliary figure of portions of equity in the concern. These portions are all equal so when you buy a portion from company it means you are purchasing some fraction of the company equivalent to that of anyone else who grips one interest of that company. The amount of all portions is equal to full value of that company. Now all these portions are non for public. Largely companies have the bulk of the portions possessed by little figure of pull offing involvements. Now when company want to do money high portion monetary value at the clip of issue is best instance. As company make money when portion merchandising is in its initial phase as when it moves towards 3rd party so company will non acquire any net income. And besides the worth of stock flexible joint on on its demand in market. Fewer portion of the company available in market more the cost it consumes. So the shareholder and stockholders will be successful to acquire net income from an addition in the company’s portion monetary value at its primary sale. As after that it will travel towards 3rd party and the net income of that portion goes to the marketer non to the company. 4- Do you see a trade-off between a company ‘s focal point on portion monetary value maximization and the attachment to societal and ethical criterions? Business moralss are applied in order to vouch that a definite required degree of trust exists between consumers and several signifiers of market members with traffics. For illustration, a portfolio director has to give the same attending to the mixtures of household members and little separate depositors. Such Acts of the Apostless show that public is treated reasonably as investors and stockholders are treated. Yes I see a trade-off between company’s focal point on portion monetary value maximization and the attachment to societal and ethical criterions as in addition in the monetary value of goods and services effects the societal and ethical criterions. That’s mean those clients who have limited net incomes will affected by the company. As to increase company net income it is good to maintain cheque and balance between company’s need and customer’s demand. If you increase portion monetary value so off class it will non be low-cost by low monetary value investors or low income populace. This will bring forth a negative consequence on common public. To maintain interact with common public it is our duty to understand their demands besides. So there are many ways to get the better of such state of affairss. You can present more such offers to fulfill low income consumers. So for this via media takes topographic point between company portion monetary value maximization and attachment to societal and ethical criterions. Mentions: complete usher to corporate finance. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com/walkthrough/corporate-finance/1/agency-problem.aspx stackexchange. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from personal finanace and money: hypertext transfer protocol: //money.stackexchange.com/questions/16491/how-does-a-high-share-price-benefit-a-company-when-it-is-raising-funds Retrieved from reply: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/business-ethics Business Structures 1 The Desert Enterprise Runing caput: Case survey for the desert endeavor. The Desert Enterprise Abstraction In this instance survey I discuss about the effect of alteration from partnership to incorporation and frailty versa in footings of advantages and disadvantages. The struggles arises when engaging a direction squad and its solution. Amount of net income generated by company and the benefits from company’s portion monetary value. Besides, portion monetary value maximization and attachment to societal and ethical criterions. 1- Discuss the effects of the proposed alteration from a partnership to a corporation in footings of advantages and disadvantages. There are many significances of the suggested alteration from a partnership to a corporation because both partnership and corporation has its ain advantages and disadvantages. In partnership one has to unite his fiscal resources with his spouse. Establish footings with your concern spouse and mark specific concern understanding to protect yourself in instance of any dissension or closing. In partnership both net income and loss has to be shared by both the spouses as per define in concern understanding. Business understanding is developed in the aid of attorney which ensures that:You are screening your securities.Footings of partnership are clearly established work outing the concerns like net income division, fade outing the company, etc.Encounter lawful status for restricted partnership.While corporation is another type of concern. It is done at regional or province degree. When concern is incorporated it means now it is legal entity and is disjointed from shareholders and owners. Before integrating it is better to seek legal advice as you will non be personally responsible for the arrears, duties and Acts of the Apostless of the organisation. In partnership method it is easy to get down partnership as both the spouses has to portion the cost for get downing concern. Share is divided every bit either in direction, net incomes and assets or in losingss and liabilities and debts. It besides has revenue enhancement advantage as you and your spouse has to pay revenue enhancement jointly. But there is no lawful change refering you and your concern. You have to utilize your personal assets to minimise your concern debts. There is a possibility of developing struggles between you and your spouse. You are accountable for the concern determinations prepared by your spouse as it effects you financially for illustration broken contracts. Although in corporate method duties are limited. You can reassign proprietary. Corporation will hold on-going being. It is easier to increase capital in such a concern. Taxs are besides low for an integrated concern. Despite that corporation is purely structured. More dearly-won than partnership or lone proprietary. There is a opportunity of struggle between managers and stockholders. Residency of manager can besides make job It means that if we switch from one to another so possibly we face some jobs and failing at some points and on the other manus we besides find some strength and net income in some points. For illustration in partnership there are more than one concern proprietor while in corporation there is merely one proprietor. It means that it is hard to reassign ownership so we consider it as disadvantage. While in corporation it is advantage as it is easy to reassign ownership in it. 2- Describe potency bureau conflicts that can originate when engaging a direction squad and suggest possible solutions. When chief hires some agent to execute a undertaking, it is set uping an bureau relationship. But when the incentives of the negotiant do non aline with those of the principal this consequences in bureau struggles. There are two primary bureau relationship:Directors and investorsDirectors and creditorsShareholder versus Directors:Conflict between directors and investors/ shareholders arises when directors holds less than 100 % of the company’s common stock.Sometimes director may do some determinations that brush with its best involvements of the shareholder for illustration directors may progress their organisations to get away a coup d'etat effort to increase their personal occupation safety. Though, a coup d'etat may be in the shareholders ‘ finest involvement.Stockholders versus creditors: Creditors decide to impart money to a house centered on the hazardousness of the company, its investing construction and its possible investing construction. These all issues will upset the company ‘s latent hard currency flow, which is a creditors ‘ chief concern. Though, shareholder have control on such determinations along with the directors. As shareholders will do picks founded on their ain best involvements, a possible bureau job takes topographic point between the shareholders and creditors. For illustration, directors could borrow money to buy back portions to maximise stockholder return and decreases corporation shareholder’s base. In this instance Muhammad would wish to engage a squad with cosmopolitan accomplishments indispensable to implement his concern visual image. May be he has to confront troubles sing direction squad as this is wholly new to the company and doesn’t know everything about company. Its mean that he should depict everything about company and so they besides have to make up one's mind either they want to work with you or non and this will besides consequences in wastage of clip to finish his undertaking. Harmonizing to my point of position it is better to develop your hired squad and topographic point strategy and functions for all and sundry should involvement to meet the company objectives. 3- Determine the sum of hard currency the company would bring forth from. Does it count to the company whether the portion monetary value rises subsequent to the IPO? Who benefits from an addition in the company ‘s portion monetary value? The sum of hard currency the company is traveling to bring forth is 5 million issuing portions at BD4. 5 ten 4=20M. Its affairs to the company whether if the portion monetary value is increased following to the IPO ( initial public offering ) . Raising money requires high portion monetary value for any company. As that will let them to publish less portions for sum they want. And if portion monetary value beads so they had to publish more portion on the same sum therefore when portion monetary value additions net income additions and when portion monetary value lessenings net income lessenings and therefore loss takes topographic point. Basically in IPO ( initial public offering ) or APO ( extra public offering ) status investors propose a auxiliary figure of portions of equity in the concern. These portions are all equal so when you buy a portion from company it means you are purchasing some fraction of the company equivalent to that of anyone else who grips one interest of that company. The amount of all portions is equal to full value of that company. Now all these portions are non for public. Largely companies have the bulk of the portions possessed by little figure of pull offing involvements. Now when company want to do money high portion monetary value at the clip of issue is best instance. As company make money when portion merchandising is in its initial phase as when it moves towards 3rd party so company will non acquire any net income. And besides the worth of stock flexible joint on on its demand in market. Fewer portion of the company available in market more the cost it consumes. So the shareholder and stockholders will be successful to acquire net income from an addition in the company’s portion monetary value at its primary sale. As after that it will travel towards 3rd party and the net income of that portion goes to the marketer non to the company. 4- Do you see a trade-off between a company ‘s focal point on portion monetary value maximization and the attachment to societal and ethical criterions? Business moralss are applied in order to vouch that a definite required degree of trust exists between consumers and several signifiers of market members with traffics. For illustration, a portfolio director has to give the same attending to the mixtures of household members and little separate depositors. Such Acts of the Apostless show that public is treated reasonably as investors and stockholders are treated. Yes I see a trade-off between company’s focal point on portion monetary value maximization and the attachment to societal and ethical criterions as in addition in the monetary value of goods and services effects the societal and ethical criterions. That’s mean those clients who have limited net incomes will affected by the company. As to increase company net income it is good to maintain cheque and balance between company’s need and customer’s demand. If you increase portion monetary value so off class it will non be low-cost by low monetary value investors or low income populace. This will bring forth a negative consequence on common public. To maintain interact with common public it is our duty to understand their demands besides. So there are many ways to get the better of such state of affairss. You can present more such offers to fulfill low income consumers. So for this via media takes topographic point between company portion monetary value maximization and attachment to societal and ethical criterions. Mentions: complete usher to corporate finance. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from www.investopedia.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.investopedia.com/walkthrough/corporate-finance/1/agency-problem.aspx stackexchange. ( n.d. ) . Retrieved from personal finanace and money: hypertext transfer protocol: //money.stackexchange.com/questions/16491/how-does-a-high-share-price-benefit-a-company-when-it-is-raising-funds Retrieved from reply: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.answers.com/topic/business-ethics

Character Analysis of Mary Maloney Lamb to the Slaughter

We then see Mary’s character transform before our eyes and the once loving, dutiful housewife becomes a very devious, manipulative and cold hearted character. She manages to fool everyone maybe even herself. As the story unfolds, we see Many as a very cold hearted person as she kills her husband in the blink of an eye. After her husband has told her he plans to leave her and refuses to let her cook supper for him, Mary strikes out and hits him with a leg of lamb that she had planned to cook for supper. At that point, Many Maloney simply walks up behind him and without any pause she swung the big frozen leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of his head (Dahl, p. 13). Mary acts instinctively and hits her husband, stopping him from leaving her permanently. Mary is definitely shows the cold hearted aspect of her character. Mary is also a very devious person in that she not only kills her husband in cold blood, but she then precedes to create an alibi for herself. She practices her speech in the mirror, and then goes to the grocery store where she is sure the grocer will remember her as a calm, loving wife. She sat down before the mirror, tidied her hair, touched up her lips and face. She tried a smile. It came out rather peculiar. She tried again (Dahl, p. 14). Mary was now thinking very clearly in that she knew she needed to cover her tracks. These actions show that she was very clever and devious and was already thinking very clear in regard to the events that would follow. Mary is very manipulative in that she is able to create the character of the poor, pregnant wife, whose husband has just been murdered. She is able to convince the police to take pity on her, to mix her a drink and then to even eat the evidence, the leg of lamb that she has left in the oven. Why don’t you eat up that lamb that is in the oven (Dahl, p. 17). Mary realizes that if the police find the evidence she will go to jail. Her quick thinking and manipulative character results in the police officers eathign the evidence and therefore she cannot be charged of this crime. These actions show the complex character that Mary Maloney truly is. Throughout the entire story, Mary is a very interesting character. She faces many issues in dealing with her husband’s news that he is leaving her. She reacts based on her instincts and kills her husband and this shows her cold heartedness. In the end she has to create an alibi to cover up her devious crime in which she has to manipulate the police into eating the evidence. Mary is a very unique complex character and she has, through her actions conducted a devious crime in which she will be proven innocent. Through the use of Many Maloney’s character, as well as irony and suspense, the author was able to maintained the interest of the reader throughout the entire short story. http://www. shs. k12. nf. ca/ocaul/charcater%20analysis%20Mary%20Maloney. htm